The UN’s DPI Safeguards Initiative has outlined 259 recommendations to help regulators, advocates, donors, technology providers, and governments ensure that their digital public infrastructure (DPI) implementations are secure, inclusive, practical, and adaptable.

This article is part of our ongoing series where we examine how MOSIP has worked to put these safeguards into practice, what we have learnt in doing so, and what more we can do to protect the integrity of DPI and foster a secure and trustworthy environment for all stakeholders. In this piece, we focus on the safeguard "Evolve with Evidence," exploring how MOSIP implements rigorous testing protocols during the development phase to uncover and address assumptions, design flaws, or errors that could negatively impact users.

As digital public infrastructure (DPI) becomes central to how residents interact with their nation, the reliability of foundational systems, such as digital identity platforms, is critical. These systems must operate at national scale, adapt to local contexts, and perform flawlessly across complex, real-world conditions. Like plumbing, their strength lies in stability: they must be resilient, strong and virtually invisible in their reliability. Achieving this demands evidence-backed development, rigorous testing, and proactive risk mitigation.

MOSIP serves as an example of a platform built to meet these complex and diverse government needs. To ensure long-term sustainability, scalability, and security, MOSIP prioritises testing throughout its development lifecycle. A dedicated approach to quality assurance is essential for reducing risk and preventing potential issues that could lead to serious financial, reputational, or security consequences.

Additionally, MOSIP is designed to meet cultural demands while remaining user-centric at a population scale, ensuring it adapts to the unique requirements of diverse communities across the globe. To maintain the highest standards, MOSIP adopts a structured, comprehensive testing strategy to build a reliable and secure digital identity system that meets the expectations of its users.
 

Quality Assurance and User Satisfaction

Effective quality assurance is fundamental to MOSIP’s mission of providing a robust and dependable digital identity platform. Rigorous testing mitigates the risk of software failures, enhancing product stability, reliability, and user satisfaction. By identifying and addressing bugs early in development, MOSIP is able to reduce costs and ensure consistent performance across use cases. These quality measures help MOSIP deliver a smooth, reliable user experience that strengthens stakeholder trust and supports high retention rates.

Our modular, open-source technology offers adopters transparency, customisability, and easy compliance, giving them the freedom to choose their vendors and adapt their identity systems for their unique needs.

MOSIP-based foundational ID systems prioritise security of data and identity, ensuring that technology solutions are informed by human need, and that no one is left unrepresented.
 

Key Practices for Preventing Software Failures

To consistently deliver a high-quality platform, MOSIP follows these best practices:

• Adopt Agile Methodology: Continuous testing and integration within Agile frameworks enable MOSIP to identify and address issues early, supporting frequent, reliable updates to the platform.

• Develop a Strategic Test Plan: A detailed test plan helps MOSIP determine the best approaches for testing (manual and using automation), allocate resources efficiently, and define the scope for comprehensive coverage.

MOSIP gets certified through more than 25,000 test cases, including over 13,000 automated tests triggered daily, ensuring immediate notification and investigation when system issues arise.
 *as of June 2025

• Implement Test Automation: Automating repetitive tests enhances accuracy, reduces human error, and is essential for MOSIP’s CI/CD processes, enabling more frequent and reliable software releases.
   
• Manual Testing for Complex Scenarios: Although automation is efficient, manual testing offers additional insights and adaptability for complex scenarios, allowing MOSIP to thoroughly evaluate system performance and functionality.
   
• Integrate Security and Performance Testing: Security testing safeguards MOSIP from vulnerabilities, ensuring data protection and preventing unauthorised access. Performance testing assesses scalability, identifying and resolving potential issues with response times or load handling to minimise downtime risks.
   
• Maintain a Dedicated Test Environment: A stable, dedicated test environment enables collaborative testing efforts across development, testing, and operations, ensuring that MOSIP replicates production conditions to identify and address issues before deployment.
   
• Config based testing: Config based testing is an approach which is used in systems where the behavior, features, or settings of the system can be modified through configuration files, environment variables, or external data sources (like databases or properties files) without changing the source code. This is a crucial aspect of systems like MOSIP, where configuration-driven architecture is widely used to make the system flexible, adaptable, and maintainable.
   
• Go and No-Go call: The Go/No-Go call is a critical decision point in the MOSIP testing lifecycle where stakeholders determine whether the system is ready for release or if further testing and fixes are required. This practice ensures that only a stable, secure, and fully tested version of the system is deployed, reducing the risk of failures in production environments.
   
• Analyse Test Results: Ongoing analysis of test results provides valuable insights that highlight areas for improvement, inform future development decisions, and support continuous platform optimisation.
   

Testing for Global Use and Diverse Contexts

• Multi-Lingual testing: Multi-lingual testing is essential to ensuring that MOSIP works seamlessly across languages and cultural contexts, making it truly usable, accessible, and compliant — anywhere it is deployed.
  
  Given that MOSIP is used by multiple countries with different languages and localisation needs, this form of testing is essential for global usability, accessibility, and compliance. By supporting diverse languages, RTL flows, and accessibility needs, MOSIP becomes usable, inclusive, and compliant for every country it serves.
   
• Mobile Testing: Mobile testing in MOSIP ensures that the our Mobile Applications, Biometric SDKs, and mobile web portals work flawlessly on different devices, screen sizes, operating systems (like Android, iOS), different OEMs, and network conditions. It involves testing functionality, security, usability, performance, and device compatibility. 

MOSIP’s mobile testing spans devices from vendors that together represent nearly 68.56% of the global market, ensuring that functional testing and automation reflect real-world usage across a wide range of hardware.

• Persona Based Testing: Persona-Based Testing in MOSIP ensures that the system meets the specific needs, behaviors, and use cases of different user personas. Each persona represents a unique user category with distinct characteristics, requirements, and challenges.

In MOSIP, the key personas that require focused testing are:
 

Resident Personas:

01. Child-based Persona: A Minor resident falls under this category.

02. Introducer-based Persona: For a Minor/Infant/Adult resident to enroll in MOSIP has to be introduced into the system by an adult or an introducer (family or friends) and the same persons biometrics will be part of authorisation in case of any demographic update in the minor resident’s UIN.

03. Regular Persona: A regular adult male or female falls under this category.
 

04. Exception Persona (Specially abled users): This persona can be applicable to an adult resident or a minor resident with missing biometrics or temporary uncapturable biometrics.

Administrative Personas:

01. Admin Persona: Represents a system administrator responsible for configuring and maintaining the overall MOSIP environment. 

02. Partner Admin Persona: Represents administrators from partner organisations integrating with MOSIP (e.g., ID solution vendors or government entities).

03. Operator Persona: Represents the enrollment operator responsible for registering residents into MOSIP.

04. Supervisor Persona: Represents the supervisor overseeing enrollment operations and ensuring compliance with policies.

• Documentation: Documentation plays a critical role in the success of the MOSIP testing process. Equally important to testers, developers, implementers, stakeholders and community, proper documentation ensures clear communication, repeatability, and compliance. Given that MOSIP is an open-source identity platform, well-structured documentation enhances collaboration and allows smooth onboarding of external partners and system integrators.
   
• UI/UX Testing: UI/UX testing ensures that the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) of the MOSIP system are intuitive, accessible, and user-friendly. Since MOSIP is a digital identity system used by diverse populations (including children, elderly, and specially-abled users), it is crucial that the UI/UX is designed to serve these populations.
  
  This type of testing focuses on the design, layout, navigation, and interaction experience that users encounter on web, mobile, and kiosk-based platforms.
   
• Simulating Virtual Countries: While performing end to end testing in MOSIP we perform testing with different virtual country data taking different country requirements, postal order and resident status into consideration to make sure the system will work without failure with different countries requirements.

To meet the complex demands of governments and users, MOSIP’s rigorous approach to testing and optimisation is critical. By implementing robust quality assurance practices, early bug detection, and automated testing processes, MOSIP is well-positioned to adapt to fast-evolving technological landscapes. This comprehensive approach ensures MOSIP delivers a secure, compliant, and user-centric digital identity platform that upholds the highest standards for reliability and performance.

Watch this space for the next article in this series, where we continue talking about the safeguard Evolve with Evidence – delving into how automated testing in MOSIP enables continuous validation, early detection, and platform resilience.